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THE DIVINE HISTORY OF JESUS CHRIST

READING HALL

THE DOORS OF WISDOM

THE CREATION IF THE UNIVERSE ACCORDING GENESIS

 

 

BIOGRAPHYCAL UNIVERSAL LIBRARY.

 

 

 

ANCIENT HISTORY:

FROM THE PYRAMID BUILDERS TO CONSTANTINE THE GREAT

 

THE PYRAMID BUILDERS

ZOSER - (SNEFRU) - CHEOPS - Djedefre - CHEPHREN -MYCERINUS

MESILIM OF KISH

2500 BC

MESILIM , At the earliest period of which we have any historical records it would appear that the city of Kish exercised a suzerainty over Sumer. Here there ruled at this time a king named Mesilim, to whom Lagash, and probably other great cities in the south, owed allegiance. During his reign a certain Lugal-shag-engur was patesi of Lagash, and we have definite record that he acknowledged Mesilim's supremacy. For a votive mace-head of colossal size has been found at Tello, which bears an inscription stating that it was dedicated to Ningirsu by Mesilim, who had restored his great temple at Lagash during the time that Lugal-shag-engur was patesi of that city. 

EANNATUM OF LAGASH

2454-2435

EANNATUM OF LAGASH, WHEN the patesiate of Lagash passed from Akurgal to his son Eannatum we may picture the city-state as owing a general allegiance to Akkad in the north. Nearer home, the relations of Lagash to Umma appear to have been of an amicable character. Whatever minor conflicts may have taken place between the two cities in the interval, the treaty of Mesilim was still regarded as binding, and its terms were treated with respect by both parties. The question whether Eannatum, like Akurgal, had had some minor cause of disagreement with the men of Umma at the beginning of his reign depends upon our interpretation of some broken passages in the early part of the text engraved upon the Stele of the Vultures.

URAKAGINA

2380-2360

URAKAGINA OF LASGASH, A small tablet in the Louvre mentions together certain men of Erech, of Adab and of Ninni-esh, and, when Lugal-zaggisi enumerates the benefits he had conferred on the cities of Southern Babylonia over which he ruled, he mentions Umma and Ninni-esh together, after referring to Erech, Ur, and Larsa. We may, therefore, conclude with some probability that the city in which lli was at this time acting as priest was situated not far from Umma. It was under the control of Lagash, and doubtless formed part of the empire which Eannatum had bequeathed to his successors upon the throne. 

LUGALZAGESI OF URUK

2350-2318

LUGALZAGESI OF URUK, Lugal-zaggisi, the conqueror of Lagash, is mentioned by name in the document from which our knowledge of the catastrophe is derived. The unknown writer that composition, as we have already seen, assigns to him the title "patesi of Umma", and, had we no other information concerning him, we might perhaps have concluded that his success against the ancient rival of his own city was merely an isolated achievement. In the long-continued struggle between these neighbouring states Umma had finally proved victorious, and the results of this victory might have been regarded as of little more than local importance.

SARGON I OF AKKAD

2334-2279

SARGON I OF AKKAD, The name of Sargon of Agade, or Akkad, bulks largely in later Babylonian tradition, and his reign has been regarded by modern writers as marking the most important epoch in the early history of his country. The reference in the text of Nabonidus to the age of Naram-Sin has caused the Dynasty of Akkad to be taken as the canon, or standard, by which to measure the relative age of other dynasties or of rulers whose inscriptions have from time to time been recovered upon various early Babylonian sites.

RIMUSH & MANITUSHU

2279-2254

The next two kings of Agade and successors to the empire of Sargon were his two sons, Rimush and Manishtusu, who reigned, according to the king-list, in reverse order of age, for that authority assigns nine years to Rimush, and afterwards fifteen to Manishtusu, who is said to have been the elder brother of his predecessor; but it must be added that there are variants of the lengths of reigns. Both kings seem to have begun with campaigns against rebels, involving expeditions into the lands east of the Tigris and into Elam, but it is Manishtusu who, in one of his monuments, refers to 'all the lands. . .

NARAM SIN OF AKKAD

2254-2218

Manishtusu, according to an omen, was murdered in a palace conspiracy, and was succeeded by his son, Naram-Sin, destined to become the second of a pair whom later history ever regarded as the greatest figures in its annals. Because of this likeness Naram-Sin was known afterwards as the son of Sargon; if the word is pressed it is incorrect for the king-list rightly calls him son of Manishtusu. His reign was long and, until its closing years, glorious. But our information upon it is of varying authenticity, depending for the greatest part upon much later tradition. Of his own inscriptions, which were certainly many and informative, and of the sculptures which illustrated his campaigns and triumphs, very little has survived. By chance he has fared scantily even in the copies of these monuments at Nippur which are comparatively informative about the wars of his grandfather. 

SHARKALISHARRI

2218-2192

But if Naram-Sin ended his life with a realm not much impaired, there were already signs of decay, and ample presages of the troubles which were to burst upon his son. Elam under Kutik-In-Shushinak was growing independent and almost defiant, and the wild men of the Zagros were poised to swoop upon the wealthy land which they saw protected only by a weakening arm. The old king died at length after a reign of thirty-seven years, and left this menacing situation to his son Shar-kali-sharri. Whether he was the eldest is not known, but another son of Naram-Sin bore the significant name of Bin-kali-sharri, the two brothers thus standing in a relation which among the old Sumerian dynasts would have marked a king and his son destined to reign after him. But Shar-kali-sharri was to have no successor, at least not from the old family of Sargon.

ABRAHAM

2100-2000

The materials for the facts of the life of Abraham are found in Holy Scripture, in the Book of Genesis, and in some of the later writings. I have taken it for granted that these statements are authentic, and have not thought it necessary to follow Ewald and his school in distinguishing the various authors of them, assigning this to the Book of origins, and that to the First narrator, and that to the Second, and so on. Nor have I esteemed the details thus given as accretions that have grown up round a great central figure in the lapse of centuries, the outcome of hero-worship, the result of a natural desire to accumulate on a great forefather anything that would tend to elevate his personal character or exalt the favour with which he was regarded by God. The narrative appears to me to be, consistent, derived doubtless from different sources, but worked up by the compiler into a fairly complete biography, which, taken in conjunction with hints afforded by the later Scriptures, leaves on the mind a finished picture of the Father of the Faithful. 

ISAAC

2100-2000

This is the account of the family line of Abraham’s son Isaac. Abraham became the father of Isaac, and Isaac was forty years old when he married Rebekah daughter of Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram and sister of Laban the Aramean. Isaac prayed to the Lord on behalf of his wife, because she was childless. The Lord answered his prayer, and his wife Rebekah became pregnant. The babies jostled each other within her, and she said, “Why is this happening to me?” So she went to inquire of the Lord. The Lord said to her,

JACOB.

2000-1900

Jacob’s early life was the usual life of a Bedouin boy, the son of a great sheikh, who was half agriculturist half nomad. He would be much with the cattle. As his father roamed over the Negeb from one place to another, according to the season of the year, or according to the reports which he received of the condition of the pasturage in this or that district, Jacob and Esau would accompany him, and would become familiar with all the ordinary routine of the pastoral life, with the feeding and the folding, the careful watching by night, the less anxious tending during the day, the exposure to heat and cold, the encounters with ravenous beasts, the occasional brush with marauders from a hostile tribe.

HAMMURABI

2131-2081

The military successes of Hammurabi fall within two clearly defined periods, the first during the five years which followed his sixth year of rule at Babylon, and a second period, of ten years' duration, beginning with the thirteenth of his reign. On his accession he appears to have inaugurated the reforms in the internal administration of the country, which culminated towards the close of his life in the promulgation of his famous Code of Laws; for he commemorated his second year as that in which he established righteousness in the land. The following years were uneventful, the most important royal acts being the installation of the chief-priest in Kashbaran, the building of a wall for the Gagum, or great Cloister of Sippar, and of a temple to Nannar in Babylon. But with his seventh year we find his first reference to a military campaign in a claim to the capture of Erech and Nisin.

SHAMSHI ADAD I.

1813-1791

SCARCELY thirty years ago the figure of Hammurabi, the unifier of Babylonia, still stood out in striking isolation. In fact, at the time he ascended the throne another centralized empire already occupied the whole of northern Mesopotamia: it was the personal creation of Shamshi-Adad I, to whom recent discoveries have made it possible to give his place in history.Whereas Hammurabi had inherited a considerable territory from his father, Shamshi-Adad had more modest beginnings. He belonged to one of the numerous nomad clans which had infiltrated into Mesopotamia after the break-up of the Third Dynasty of Ur. His father, Ila-kabkabu, ruled over a land bordering on the kingdom of Mari, with which he had come into conflict. It is not well known what happened next. According to one version, the authenticity of which is not certain, Shamshi-Adad made his way into Babylonia, while his brother succeeded to Ila-kabkabu. Later on he seized Ekallatum; the capture of this fortress, on the left bank of the Tigris, in the southern reaches of the lower Zab, laid the gates of Assyria open to him.

ZIMRILIN OF MARI.

1779- 1757

Like Shamshi-Adad, Iakhdunlim, his unsuccessful opponent at Mari, was a Western Semite whose forebears had abandoned the nomadic life in order to settle in the Euphrates valley. Basically, Zimrilim’s kingdom was made up of the middle Euphrates and Khabur valleys. To the south it cannot have reached farther than Hit. To the north it undoubtedly included the mouth of the Balikh, but beyond that it is uncertain whether there lay territories directly dependent on Mari and administered by district governors, or simply more or less autonomous vassal princedoms. In his attempts to expand Zimrilim directed the best part of his efforts towards the 'High Country', that is to say Upper Mesopotamia, which in those days was split up into numerous little states. In particular the region, bordering on the upper Khabur, which at Mari was called Idamaraz, appears to have been under his control all the time. 

HATSHEPSUT.

1479-1457

The close of the reign of Thutmose I is involved in deep obscurity, and there is no reconstruction without its difficulties. The traces left on temple walls by family dissensions are not likely to be sufficiently conclusive to enable us to follow the complicated struggle with entire certainty three thousand five hundred years later. The current verdict of historians has long been that Thutmose II, a feeble and diseased son of the old Pharaoh, followed at once upon his father's demise. His brief reign is of such slight consequence, however, that its exact place in the transition from Thutmose I to Hatshepsut and Thutmose III is not of great importance. Hatshepsut’s partisans were not able to crown their favorite without a difficult struggle with a third Thutmose. He was the son of an obscure concubine named. Isis, and there is some uncertainty whether the first or the second Thutmose was his father. It is probable that he married Hatshepsut, thus gaining a valid title to the throne. 

THUTMOSE III.

1457-1425

THE peaceful and unmilitary Nile of Hatshepsut, falling as it did early in Egypt’s imperial career in Asia, was followed by serious consequences. Not having seen an Egyptian army for many years, the Syrian dynasts grew continually more restless. The king of Kadesh, once probably the suzerain of all Syria and Palestine, had stirred all the city-kings of northern Palestine and Syria to accept his leader ship in a great coalition, in which they at last felt themselves strong enough to begin open revolt. “Behold from Yeraza (in northern Judea) to the marshes of the earth (i.e. the upper Euphrates), they had begun to revolt against his majesty”. In these words the annals of Thutmose III

AMENHOTEP III .

1390-1353

He was but the great-grandson of Thutmose III, but with him the high tide of Egyptian power was already slowly on the ebb, and he was not the man to stem the tide. Nevertheless in the administration of his great empire Amenhotep III began well. Toward the close of ins fourth year trouble in Nubia called him south. After defeating the enemy decisively somewhere above the second cataract, Amenhotep marched southward for a month, taking captives and spoil as he went. It is difficult to determine the exact limit of his southern advance. In the land of Karoy, with which the reader is now acquainted as the region about Napata, he collected great quantities of gold for his Theban buildings, and at Kebehu-Hor, or the “Pool of Horus” he erected his tablet of victory, but we are unable to locate the place with certainty. It was certainly not much in advance of the frontier of his father. This was the last great invasion of Nubia by the Pharaohs.

SUPPILULIUMAS.

1368-1328

The inactivity of the Egyptians in Syria made it possible for Tushratta to remain on friendly terms with Amenophis III during all of the latter's reign. During the later part of Tushratta’s reign, good relations with Egypt became more and more a necessity, because a powerful personality had in the meantime ascended the Hittite throne and had initiated a period of Hittite renascence.Probably not long after the events which brought Tushratta to the throne of Mitanni (c. 1385), a shift of rulership also took place in the Hittite country. Under Tudkhaliash III the previously mighty kingdom had shrunk into insignificance from which it had only partially recovered before the king's death. If some of the lost territory, especially along the eastern border had been regained, this had been due to the military leadership of the king's son, Shuppiluliumash. Upon his father's death Shuppiluliumash became king as the next in line. The ambitions which must have spurred Shuppiluliumash from the outset made him cast his eyes almost automatically upon Syria, where earlier Hittite kings had won glory. Hence an armed conflict with Tushratta became inevitable. It was postponed for some time only because Shuppiluliumash had to reorganize his homeland before he could think of embarking on a war of conquest in Syria.

AKNATON.

1353-1338

The reign of Akhnaton, for seventeen years Pharaoh of Egypt (from B.C. 1375 to 1358), stands out as the most interesting epoch in the long sequence of Egyptian history. We have watched the endless line of dim Pharaohs go by, each ht momentarily by the pale lamp of our present knowledge, and most of them have left httle impression upon the mind. They are so misty and far off, they have been dead and gone for such thousands of years, that they have almost entirely lost their individuality. We call out some royal name, and in response a vague figure passes into view, stiffly moves its arms, and passes again into the darkness. The Tomb of Queen Tiy, in which lay the mummy believed to be that of Akhnaton, was discovered in January, 1907, during the excavations which were being conducted by Mr. Theodore M. Davis in the Valley of the Tombs of the Kings at Thebes.

ASHUR-UBALLIT(1365-1330 ) ENLIL-NIRARI (1330-1319 ) ARIK-DEN-ILI (1319–1308 )

The restorer of the power of Assyria was, beyond doubt, Ashur-uballit who was destined to become a leading figure of his day, but he has told us nothing to the purpose about himself. Half-a-dozen short inscriptions concern the repair of two temples and some work upon a well in his city of Ashur, no more than the least distinguished of his predecessors. The Assyrian kings had not yet learned the art of appending to their building-inscriptions those notes of contemporary events which were soon to expand themselves into the detailed annals of later reigns. A first mention of the great king’s deeds is made, in his own family, by his great-grandson, looking back over the glories of his line and taking Ashur-uballit as the inaugurator of these. In the general documentation of his age he makes a better appearance, though sometimes anonymously. His own most interesting relics are two letters found in distant Egypt among the celebrated archive of Amarna.

MURSHILISH II (1321-1295) MUWATALLISH II (1295-1272)

Immediate successor to Shuppiluliumash was his son Arnuwandash. The potentially dangerous situation created by the death of the conqueror was aggravated by the circumstances that the new king was seriously ill and, therefore, could not demand the authority which was needed. Syria, on possession of which the Hittite claim for world leadership rested, was naturally the critical danger spot. Arnuwandash made haste to confirm his brother Piyashilish as king of Carchemish and also appointed him to the position of the tuhkantis (a high rank in the government). He was apparently the mainstay of Hittite domination in the provinces south of the Taurus, and is known from then on by the (Hurrian) name Sharre-Kushukh. With some justification one may consider it fortunate that the reign of Arnuwandash was only of short duration. Murshilish, a younger son of Shuppiluliumash, who now assumed kingship, was still very young but in the full possession of his powers. He proved himself an extremely able and energetic ruler.

RAMSES II.

1303-1212

When Ramses II ascended the throne the Hittites had remained in undisputed possession of their Syrian conquests for probably more than twenty years since the attempt of Seti I to dislodge them. The long peace had given their king, Mutallu, an opportunity, of which he made good use, to render their position in Syria impregnable. Advancing southward, up the valley of the Orontes, he had seized Kadesh, the centre of the Syrian power in the days of Thutmose III, which, we remember, had given him more trouble and held out with more tenacious resistance than any other kingdom in Syria. We have already seen the strategic importance of the district, an importance which was quickly grasped by the Hittite king, who made the place the bulwark of his southern frontier. Ramses’s plan for the war was like that of his great ancestor, Thutmose III. He proposed first to gain the coast, that he might use one of its harbors as a base, enjoying quick and easy communication with Egypt by water. Our sources tell us nothing of his operations on the first campaign, when this purpose was accomplished.

MERNEPTAH&RAMSES III

(1213-1156)

The death of Ramses II was not followed by any disturbance in the Asiatic dominions in so far as we can see. The northern border in Syria was as far north as the upper Orontes valley, including at least part of the Amorite country in which Merneptah had a royal city bearing his name, probably inherited from his father and renamed. With the Hittite kingdom he enjoyed undisturbed peace, doubtless under the terms of the old treaty, negotiated by his father forty-six years before. Indeed, Merneptah sent shiploads of grain to the Hittites to relieve them in time of famine. By the end of his second year, however, he had reason to rue the good-will shown his father's ancient enemy. Among the allies of the Hittites at the battle of Kadesh there were already maritime peoples like the Lycians and Dardanians. In some way Merneptah discovered that the Hittites were now involved in the incursions of these people in the western Delta in alliance with the Libyans. In the year three (about 1223 BC) the Pharaoh found widespread revolt against him in Asia: Askalon at the very gates of Egypt, the powerful city of Gezer at the lower end of the valley of Aijalon, leading up from the sea-plain to Jerusalem; Yenoam, given by Thutmose III to Amon two hundred and sixty years before; some of the tribes of Israel and all western Syria-Palestine as far as it was controlled by the Pharaoh all these rose against their Egyptian overlord. 

TIGLATH PILESER I

1114 –1076 BC

TIGLATH PILESER I (about 1120 BC) was the grand monarch of western Asia in his day, and the glory of his achievements was held in memory in Assyria for ages after. It is fitting that one who wrought such marvels in peace and war should have caused his deeds to be written down with care and preserved in more than one copy. To his gods he ascribed the credit of his works. Their names, a formidable number, stand at the very head of the chief written memorials of his reign. Here are Asshur, the ancient patron deity of his land, "the great lord, the director of the hosts of the gods," and Bel also, and Sin, the moon god; Shamash, the sun god; Adad, the god of the air, of storms, of thunder, and rain; Ninib, "the hero"; and, last of all, the goddess Ishtar, "the firstborn of the gods", whose name was ever to resound and be hallowed in the later history of Nineveh. With so great a pantheon had the people of Assyria already enriched themselves.

GIDEON

(1252-1152)

Gideon, with whose biography and achievements we are now concerned, was a native of the plain of Esdraelon. His birth­place is called Ophrah. Two villages bearing this name are mentioned in the Old Testament There was an Ophrah, belonging to the tribe of Benjamin, now known as El Taiybeh —a group of hamlets “perched aloft on a dark conical hill, like the villages of the Apennines.” But the Ophrah in which the future deliverer of Israel was born, nestled on slopes south ot the town of Jezreel, and connecting with Mount Gilboa. No trace of it remains; except for its connection with Gideon, it would have been wholly undistinguished and unknown.

KING DAVID

1040-970 BC

KING SOLOMON

970-931

PROPHET ELIJAH

900-849

PROPHET ISAIAH

740 - 686 

ASSUR-NAZIR-PAL

SHALMANESER III

SHAMSHI ADAD V (823-811 BC), ADAD NIRARI III (811 BC-783 BC), SHALMANESER IV (782-773), ASSURDAN III (772-755), ASSUR NIRARI III (754-745)

 

PIANKHI OF NUBIA

SARGON

SENNACHERIB

ESARHADDON

ASSHURBANIPAL

SOLON

NABOPOLASSAR, 626 - 605 B. C.

AND

NEBUCHADREZZAR II, 605 - 562 B. C.

THALES OF MILETUS

MILTIADES

CONFUCIUS

DARIUS I THE GREAT

HERACLITUS

THEMISTOCLES

XERXES

CIMON

PERICLES

HERODOTUS

SOCRATES

AGESILAUS

PLATO

ARTAXERXES III

PELOPIDAS

TIMOLEON

ARISTOTLE

PHILIP II & ALEXANDER THE GREAT

DIONYSIUS THE SECOND & TIMOLEON

DEMOSTHENES

PYRRHUS

AGATHOCLES

CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA

ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS

ASOKA

 

HOUSE OF SELEUCUS 321-63

SELEUCUS I - ANTIOCHUS I (SOTER) - ANTIOCHUS II THEOS - SELEUCUS II (KALLINIKOS) - SELEUCUS III (SOTER) - ANTIOCHUS IV EPIPHANES - ANTIOCHUS V EUPATOR - DEMETRIUS THE SAVIOUR - ALEXANDER I - ANTIOCHUS SIDETES

THE HOUSE OF PTOLEMY. 331-30 BC

Ptolemy I (Soter) - Ptolemy II Philadelphus - Ptolemy III Euergetes I - Ptolemy IV, Philopator- Ptolemy V Epiphanes -  Ptolemy VI Philometor - Ptolemy VII, Euergetes II - Ptolemy VIII Soter II and Ptolemy IX Alexander I - Berenice III, Ptolemy X Alexander II, Ptolemy XI Auletes - Cleopatra VI, Ptolemy XII, Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV

HANNIBAL

247-181

THE MACCABEES

168-37

MITHRIDATES, SYLLA, TIGRANES AND POMPEY.

BC 124 - 61

JULIUS CAESAR

// JULIUS CAESAR

CLEOPATRA VII

MARC ANTONY

AUGUSTUS.

LIFE AND TIMES OF OCTAVIUS CAESAR

B.C. 63— A.D. 14)

 

CHRISTIAN ERA.

FROM CONSTANTINE THE GREAT TO POPE GREGORY VII

US$13.00

THE HEART OF MARY

THE HEART OF MARY. LIFE AND TIMES OF THE HOLY FAMILY. Following the coronation of Alexander Jannaeus in 103 BC, the search for king David's heir begins in Jerusalem. 35 years later, failure is sealed by the death of Queen Alexandra. The Hasmonean civil war ends with the arrival of Pompey the Great and the subsequent rise to the throne of Herod. The search for the legitimate heir to Solomon's crown continues with the sons of Abijah and Simeon the Babylonian. Led by their God, Zacharias and Simeon discover the secret of the alpha and omega: Joseph of Bethlehem is the descendant of the prophet Nathan, and Mary of Nazareth, the heiress of Solomon. Both of them intend to unite the two families, from which the Messiah will be born ... when God intervenes to bring his Son Jesus into our history…

 

AMAZON

THE HEART OF MARY.

LIFE AND TIMES OF THE HOLY FAMILY

CHAPTER I: “I AM THE FIRST AND THE LAST”
CHAPTER II: “I AM THE ALPHA AND THE OMEGA”
CHAPTER III “I AM THE BEGINNING AND THE END”

Following the coronation of Alexander Jannaeus in 103 BC, the search for king David's heir begins in Jerusalem. 35 years later, failure is sealed by the death of Queen Alexandra. The Hasmonean civil war ends with the arrival of Pompey the Great and the subsequent rise to the throne of Herod. The search for the legitimate heir to Solomon's crown continues with the sons of Abijah and Simeon the Babylonian. Led by their God, Zacharias and Simeon discover the secret of the alpha and omega: Joseph of Bethlehem is the descendant of the prophet Nathan, and Mary of Nazareth, the heiress of Solomon. Both of them intend to unite the two families, from which the Messiah will be born ... when God intervenes to bring his Son Jesus into our history…

 

 

SAINT PAUL - B1-BC 63-AD 14

SAINT PAUL - B2-BC 63-AD 14

 

 

PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARO 70-19A.D.

 

Among biographical commonplaces one frequently finds the generalization that it is the provincial who acquires the perspective requisite for a true estimate of a nation, and that it is the country-boy reared in lonely communion with himself who attains the deepest knowledge of human nature. If there be some degree of truth in this reflection, Publius Vergilius Maro, the farmer’s boy from the Mantuan plain, was in so far favored at birth. It is the fifteenth of October, 70 b. c., that the Mantuans still hold in pious memory: in 1930 they will doubtless invite Italy and the devout of all nations to celebrate the twentieth centenary of the poet’s birth.

APOLLONIUS OF TYANA

BC5-67AD

PLUTARCH

AD 46-119

SAINT JUSTIN MARTYR

100-165

CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA

150-215

Roman society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius

54 -168

ANTONINUS PIUS

86-161

HADRIAN

76-138

MARCUS AURELIUS

121-180

SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS

146-211

257-331

ST GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR

CHURCH

200-250

HYPPOLITUS AND CALLISTUS

CHURCH

200-258

SAINT CYPRIAN

CHURCH

ROMAN EMPERORS

PHILIP (244–249) DECIUS (249-251) GALLUS (2511-253) EMILIANIS (253) VALERIAN (253-260) GALLIENUS (253-268) CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS (268-270) AURELIAN (270-275) ZENOBIA (270-272)

THE

PERSECUTION OF DIOCLETIAN

303-312 a.d.

CONSTANTINE THE GREAT

272-337

SAINT BASIL THE GREAT

329-378

JULIAN THE APOSTATE

331-363

GREGORY OF NAZIANZUM 329-390

SAINT AMBROSE

340-397

THE ARIANS OF THE FOURTH CENTURY

300-400

SAINT MARTIN OF TOURS

FRANCE

310-367

HILARY OF POITIERS

 

373-463

SAINT PATRICK

CHURCH

354-430

SAINT AGUSTINE AND HIS AGE

CHURCH

SAINT AGUSTINE

354-430. ///V1 /// V2// V3

SAINT JEROME.

342 - 420

SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM

347-407

GENSERIC, KING OF THE VANDALS

ATTILA. KING OF THE HUNS

385-439

SAINT MELANIA

  

450-528

JUSTIN THE FIRST

BIZANTIUM

454-726

THEODORIC THE GOTH

ITALY

ST. BRENDAN

483-577

CASSIODORUS

485-585

SAINT COLUMBA

521-597

THE LIFE AND TIMES OF POPE GREGORY I THE GREAT

A.D. 540 – 604

AUGUSTINE OF CANTERBURY

534-604

ISIDORE OF SEVILLE

560-636

SAINT CUTHBERT

634-687

 

Li SHI MIN

Founder of the tang dynasty

The significance of the life and achievements of Li Shih-Min, who reigned from A.D. 626-49 as the emperor T’ai Tsung of the T’ang dynasty, cannot be appreciated without some knowledge of the age which immediately preceded his birth. It is necessary to paint, as a background to his life, a picture of sixth-century China, its social organisation and the political trends which dominated

SAINT ODILIA

660 - 720

SAINT CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA

675-754

ST. WALBURGE

700-78

ALCUIN

724-802

CHARLEMAGNE.

748-814

HARUM AL-RASHID,

763-809 772-846

PO CHU I  (772–846)

Bai Juyi (or Po Chü-i),  was a Chinese musician, poet, and politician during the Tang dynasty. Many of his poems concern his career or observations made about everyday life, including as governor of three different provinces. He achieved fame as a writer of verse in a low-key, near vernacular style that was popular throughout medieval East Asia

841-870

SAINT EDMUND King And Martyr

ENGLAND

ALFRED THE GREAT (Thomas Hughes)

 

 

d. 877?

The life of Saint Neot

ENGLAND

CANUTE THE GREAT

and the rise of DANISH imperialism during the Viking age

995-1035

 

HINCMAR

806-882

AVICENNA

908-1037

POPE GREGORY VII

 1015–1085

MATILDA OF TUSCANY

1046-1115

ROGER OF SICILY

1016-1154

BOHEMOND I, PRINCE OF ANTIOCH

1058-1111

SAINT NORBERT

1080-1134

SAINT MALACHY O'MORGAIR

1094-1148

THOMAS A BECKET

1118-1170

FREDERICK I BARBAROSSA

1122-1190

ST WILLIAM OF NORWICH

1132-1144

SAINT HUGH OF LINCOLN

1135–1140

HENRY II, OF ENGLAND

1133-1189
1137-1226

LOUIS VII - PHILIPE AUGUSTE - LOUIS VIII

KINGS OF FRANCE

INNOCENT III

1160-1216

GENGHIS KHAN

1162-1227

PHILIP II AUGUSTUS

1165-1223

JOHN LACKLAND

1167-1216

St. DOMINIC

1170-1221

ROBERT GROSSETESTE

1175-1253

St FRANCIS OF ASSISI

1182-1226

BLANCHE DE CASTILLE

1188-1252

SAINT ANTHONY OF PADUA

1191-1231

ALBERT THE GREAT

1192-1280

FREDERICK II,

1194-1250

SAINT CLARE OF ASSISI

1194-1253

SAINT ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY

1207-1231

SIMON DE MONFORT

1208-1265

JAMES THE FIRST

1208-1276

AGNES OF BOHEMIA

1211-1282
1216-1377
ENGLAND FROM THE ACCESSION OF HENRY III TO THE DEATH OF EDWARD III
1214-1270

LOUIS IX, KING OF FRANCE

 

POPE HONORIUS III

1216-1227

RHUDOLPH OF HABSBURG

1218-1273

EDWARD I of ENGLAND

1239-1307

DANTE ALIGHIERI

1265-1321

  

WILLIAM WALLACE

1270 -1305

 

1274-1329

ROBERT THE BRUCE

SCOTLAND

1276-1352

ROBERT THE WISE and his heirs

ITALY

1293-1381

JAN VAN RUYSBROEK

BELGIUM

1303-1374

PETRARCA

1312–1377

The history of the life and times of Edward the Third : V1

The history of the life and times of Edward the Third : V2

ENGLAND

1325–1382
JOANNA I OF NAPLES

     

1330-1376-

A History Of The Life Of Edward The Black Prince :V 1

A history of the life of Edward the Black Prince, and of various events connected therwith, which occurred during the reign of Edward III, King of England :V 2

ENGLAND

1336–1405

Tambourlaine (Tamerlane or Timur) the Conqueror

1340-1399

JOHN OF GAUNT

duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, seneschal of England

 

1347-1380

Catherine of Siena and her companions-v1 //// St Catherine of Siena and her companions-v2

ITALY

1363-1429

Jehan Gerson

 

1366-1440

Hubert van Eyck 1366-1426, Jan van Eyck, 1390-1440

HOLLAND

1369-1415

JAN HUSS

1375–1447

Cardinal Beaufort

ENGLAND

1377-1446

BRUNELLESCHI

ITALY

1380-1459

  

POGGIO BRACCIOLINI

Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini (Italian: 11 February 1380 – 30 October 1459),  Italian scholar and an early Renaissance humanist responsible for rediscovering and recovering many classical Latin manuscripts, mostly decaying and forgotten in German, Swiss, and French monastic libraries.

1380-1444

ST BERNARDINE OF SIENA

1384-1440

ST. FRANCES OF ROME

Francesca Bussa de' Leoni (1384 – March 9, 1440), known as Frances of Rome, was an Italian Catholic mystic, organizer of charitable services and a Benedictine oblate who founded a religious community of oblates, who share a common life without religious vows. She was canonized in 1608.

1386-1456

SAINT JOHN CAPISTRANO

Franciscan friar and Catholic priest from the Italian town of Capestrano, Abruzzo. Famous as a preacher, theologian, and inquisitor, he earned himself the nickname "the Soldier Saint" when in 1456 at age 70 he led a Crusade against the invading Ottoman Empire at the siege of Belgrade with the Hungarian military commander John Hunyadi.

1391-1447

HUMPHREY, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER

English prince, He was "son, brother and uncle of kings", being the fourth and youngest son of Henry IV of England, the brother of Henry V, and the uncle of Henry VI. Gloucester fought in the Hundred Years' War and acted as Lord Protector of England during the minority of his nephew.

1394-1460

PRINCE

HENRY THE NAVIGATOR

KING OF PORTUGAL

800-1397

THE EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY

HARALD HAARFAGR . ERIC BLOOD-AXE AND BROTHERS . HAKON THE GOOD . HARALD GREYFELL AND BROTHERS . HAKON JARL . OLAF TRYGGVESON .JARL ERIC AND SVEIN . OLAF THE SAINT . MAGNUS THE GOOD . OLAF THE TRANQUIL, MAGNUS BAREFOOT, AND SIGURD THE CRUSADER . MAGNUS THE BLIND, HARALD GYLLE . HAKON THE OLD.

805-1456

KINGS OF MEDIEVAL HUNGARY .

ARPAD (805-907). ST. STEPHEN (997-1038). ST. LADISLAS (1077-1095). COLOMAN (1095-1116). (Stephen II, 1116-1131; Béla II or Bela the Blind, 1131-1141; Géza II, 1141-1161) KING BELA III (1173-1196). BELA IV (1335-1370). ANDREW III (1290—1301). LOUIS THE GREAT (1344-1382). JOHN HUNYADI, (1406 – 1456) REGENT OF HUNGARY

1399-1413

History of England under Henry the Fourth

ENGLAND

1387-1422

The reign of Henry the Fifth / VOL I.1413-1415.--VOL II. 1415-1416. --V. III. 1415-1422 /

ENGLAND

1401-1466

FRANCESCO SFORZA

1405-1464

POPE PIUS II the humanist pope

CHURCH

1405-1468

GEORGE CASTRIOT "SCANDERBEG"

1412-1431

JOAN OF ARC_ THE MAID

FRANCE

1413-1422


HENRY THE FIFTH :

KING OF ENGLAND, LORD OF IRELAND, AND HEIR OF FRANCE.

1420-1498

TOMAS DE TORQUEMADA

SPAIN

1423-1483

LOUIS XI

FRANCE

1428-1471

RICHARD NEVILLE Earl of Warwick

ENGLAND

1430-1482

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE.

MEMOIRS OF THE HOUSES OF ANJOU

1436-1517

Cardinal XIMENEZ

SPAIN

1442-1483

EDWARD IV king of England and of France and lord of Ireland v 1

EDWARD IV king of England and of France and lord of Ireland v 2

1458-1464

POPE PIUS II

1452-1498

GIROLAMO SAVONAROLA

Dominican friar from Ferrara and a preacher active in Renaissance Florence

1459-1519

MAXIMILIAN I

1451-1504

ISABELLA THE CATHOLIC

QUEEN OF SPAIN

 

 

MODERN AGE.

RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION.

FROM THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA TO THE END OF THE THIRTY YEAR'S WAR

ISABELLA I OF SPAIN

1451-1504

ISABELLA THE CATHOLIC

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

1451-1506

BEATRICE D'ESTE DUCHESS OF MILAN

1475-1497

CATHERINA SFORZA

1463 -1509

 

Cardinal XIMENEZ

1436-1517

SANDRO BOTTICELLI

1444-1510

VASCO NUÑEZ DE BALBOA

1475-1519

POPE JULIUS II

1443-1513

THOMAS LINACRE

1460–1524

THOMAS LINACRE PHYSICIAN TO KING HENRY VIII. THE TUTOR AND FRIEND OF SIR THOMAS MORE, AND THE FOUNDER OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS IN LONDON.

WANG YANG MIN

1472-1529

WANG YANG MIN , CHINESE PHILOSOPHER OF THE XVITH CENTURY CHINA

ULRIC ZWINGLI

1484-1531

BABAR

1483-1530

MARY, QUEEN OF THE SCOTS

1442-1587

PETER VISCHER

1455-1529

DESIDERIUS ERASMUS

1466-1536

Bartolome de LAS CASAS

1474-1566

Bartolome de LAS CASAS

SAVONAROLA

1452-1498

LEONARDO DA VINCI

1452-1519

VINCENZO FOPPA

1459-1490

ISABELLA D'ESTE
1474-1539

POPE JULIUS II

1443-1513

POPE PIUS II

1458-1464

THOMAS LINACRE

1460–1524

THOMAS LINACRE PHYSICIAN TO KING HENRY VIII. THE TUTOR AND FRIEND OF SIR THOMAS MORE, AND THE FOUNDER OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS IN LONDON.

JOHN COLET

1467-1519

JOHN COLET, English scholar, Renaissance humanist, theologian, member of the Worshipful Company of Mercers, and Dean of St Paul's Cathedral, London

CARDINAL WOLSEY

1471-1530

CARDINAL WOLSEY, English statesman and Catholic bishop.

WANG YANG MIN

1472-1529

WANG YANG MIN , CHINESE PHILOSOPHER OF THE XVITH CENTURY CHINA

ISABELLA D'ESTE

1474-1539

ISABELLA D'ESTE, marchioness of Mantua

MICHELANGELLO V1 // V2

1475-1564

MICHELANGELO Buonarroti Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance

SAINT THOMAS MORE

1478-1535

THOMAS MORE, English lawyer, judge, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. 

MARGUERITE OF AUSTRIA

1480-1530

MARGUERITE OF AUSTRIA, Duchess of Savoy

SAINT GAETAN

1480-1547

Founder Of The Order Of Théatins Italian Catholic priest and religious reformer

MARTIN LUTHER

1483-1546

MARTIN LUTHER, German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar.

RAPHAEL SANZIO

1483-1520 /V1

RAPHAEL SANZIO

1483-1520 /V2

TIZIAN

1488-1576 7 V1

TIZIAN

1488-1576 7V2

ULRIC ZWINGLI

1484-1531

HERNAN CORTÉS,

1485-1547

BABAR

1483-1530

CATHERINE OF ARAGON

1485-1535

THIRDMILLENNIUMLIBRARY/Biographies/pdf/Catherine-Of-Aragon.pdf

CHAUTANYA AND HIS AGE

1486-1534

HENRY VII

1485-1509

THOMAS CRANMER

1489-1556

THOMAS CRANMER

GIOVANNI & COSIMO I DE MEDICI

1498-1574

CORREGGIO

1489-1534

IGNACIO DE LOYOLA

1491-1556

GUILLAUME DU BELLAY

1491-1543

JEAN STURM

1507-1589

TITIAN

1488-1576

TITIAN, Italian (Venetian) Renaissance painter 

RABELAIS

1490-1553

RABELAIS, French Renaissance writer, physician, Renaissance humanist, monk and Greek scholar. 

HUGH LATIMER

1490-1555

HUGH LATIMER,

Robert Francis Belarmine

1542-1621

Clement Marot VOL. I / VOL. 2

1495-1549

CLEMENT MAROT, French Renaissance poet

HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER

1497-1543

HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER,German-Swiss people painter and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style

HUMAYUN

1508-1556

HUMAYUN, second Mughal emperor, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Northern India, and Pakistan from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to 1556

BENVENUTO CELLINI

1500-1571

FERDINAND DE SOTO

1500-1542

REGINALD POLE

1500-1558

POPE PIUS V

1504-1572

ANDREA PALLADIO

1508-1580

ANDREA PALLADIO , Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily Vitruvius is widely considered to be one of the most influential individuals in the history of architecture. 

AMBROISE PARE

1510- 1590

AMBROISE PARE, French barber surgeon who served in that role for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III. He is considered one of the fathers of surgery and modern forensic pathology and a pioneer in surgical techniques and battlefield medicine, especially in the treatment of wounds. He was also an anatomist, invented several surgical instruments, and was a member of the Parisian barber surgeon guild.

 

THEODORE BEZA

1519-1605

CATHERINE DE MEDICIS V1 // V2

1519-1589

CATHERINE DE MEDICIS, Queen of France from 1547 to 1559 by marriage to King Henry II and the mother of French kings Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III. The years during which her sons reigned have been called "the age of Catherine de' Medici" since she had extensive, if at times varying, influence in the political life of France

LADY JANE GREY

1537-1554

AKBAR THE MOGHUL

1542-1605

ADRIAN VI & CLEMENT VII

1522-1534

PALESTRINA

1525-1594

 

 

 

 

HISTORY OF THE LIVES AND EMPIRE OF THE ELEVEN INCAS 1465-1533

MANCO CCAPAC . SINCHI ROCCA . LLOQUI YUPANQUI . MAYTA CCAPAC . CCAPAC YUPANQUI . INCA ROCCA . TITU CUSI HUALPA . VIRACOCHA . PACHACUTI YUPANQUI . TUPAC YUPANQUI . HUAYNA CCAPAC . HUASCAR, AND ATAHUALPA.

 HISTORY OF THE LIVES AND EMPIRE OF THE ELEVEN INCAS 1465-1533

 

 

JOHN KNOX

1514-1572

JOHN KNOX , Scottish minister, Reformed theologian, and writer who was a leader of the country's Reformation. He was the founder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland.

SAINT TERESA OF JESUS

1515-1582

SAINT TERESA OF JESUS, Carmelite nun and prominent Spanish mystic. Active during the Counter-Reformation, Teresa became the central figure of a movement of spiritual and monastic renewal, reforming the Carmelite Orders of both women and men. The movement was later joined by the younger Carmelite friar and mystic John of the Cross, with whom she established the Discalced Carmelites.

PETER RAMUS

1517-1572

PETER RAMUS, French humanist, logician, and educational reformer. A Protestant convert, he was a victim of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.

CHRISTINA OF DENMARK

1522-1590CHRISTINA OF DENMARK, DUCHESS OF MILAN AND LORRAINE

SAINT LOUIS BERTRAND

1526-1581

IVAN IV THE TERRIBLE

1530-1584

WILLIAM OF ORANGE

1533-1584

TYCHO BRAHE

1546-1601

Don John of Austria_v1 // _v2

1547-1578

SAINT STANISLAS KOSTKA

1550-1568

MARY STUART

1542-1587

S. CAMILLUS OF LELLIS

1550-1614

HENRY III of France

1551-1589

HENRY IV OF FRANCE

1553-1610

ISAAC CASAUBON

1559-1614

GALILEO GALILEI

1564-1642

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

1564-1616

ALOYSIUS GONZAGA

1568-1591

WILLIAM LAUD

1573-1645

WILLIAM LAUD, bishop in the Church of England. Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Charles I in 1633, Laud was a key advocate of Charles I's religious reforms; he was arrested by Parliament in 1640 and executed towards the end of the First English Civil War in January 1645.

MARIE DE MEDICIS

1573-1642

PETER PAUL RUBENS

1577-1640

WILLIAM HARVEY

1578-1657

THOMAS OVERBURY

1581-1613

ST PETER CLAVER

1580-1654

ALEXANDER.HENDERSON

1583-1646

CARDINAL RICHELIEU

1585-1642

GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS II

1596-1632

MAZARIN

1602-1661

ROGER WILLIAMS

1604-1683

REMBRANDT

1606-1669

JOHN MILTON

1608-1674

BARON DE RENTY

1611-1648

JOHN III SOBIESKI

1629-1696

 

1580-1661

MASSAOIT of the Wampanoags

USA

1583-1646

ALEXANDER HENDERSON

SCOTLAND

1590-1676.

LADY ANNE CLIFFORD COUNTESS OF DORSET. PEMBROKE & MONTGOMERY

ENGLAND

1602-1661

MAZARIN

FRANCE

1618-1707

AURANGZIB

INDIA

1624-1702

HENRI MARIE BOUDON

  

1632-1677

SPINOZA, Benedictus de

HOLLAND

 

LIVES AND TIMES OF THE PEOPLE OF THE MODERN AGE

 

1633-1703

SAMUEL PEPYS

  

1644-1718

WILLIAM PENN

 

1650-1722

JOHN CHURCHILL Duke of Marlborough V1 // John Churchill,V2 //

ENGLAND

1651-1719

JOHN BAPTISTE DE LA SALLE : founder of the Brothers of the Christian Schools

FRANCE

1661-1731

DANIEL DEFOE

ENGLAND

1672-1725

PETER THE GREAT

RUSSIA

1682-1718

CHARLES XII. KING OF SWEDEN

1685-1712

MARIE ADELAIDE of Savoy, Duchess of Burgundy

FRANCE

1706-1790

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

USA

1715-1707

ELIZABETH CHRISTINE ,

WIFE OF FREDERICK THE GREAT OF PRUSSIA

 

1721-1808

DAVID ZEISBERGER, Western pioner and apostle of the Indians

USA

1723-1792

JOSHUA REYNOLDS

  

1724-1804

IMMANUEL KANT

PRUSSIA

1728-1779

CAPTAIN JAMES COOK

1729-1796

CATHERINE II

RUSSIA

1730-1774

OLIVER GOLDSMITH

ENGLAND

1733-1815

CARSTEN NIEBUHR

GERMANY

1738-1789

ETHAN ALLEN

American farmer, writer, military officer and politician. He is best known as one of the founders of Vermont and for the capture of Fort Ticonderoga during the American Revolutionary War

1741-1801

BENEDICT ARNOLD

American-born British military officer who served during the American Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British in 1780. General George Washington had given him his fullest trust and had placed him in command of West Point in New York. Arnold was planning to surrender the fort to British forces, but the plot was discovered in September 1780, whereupon he fled to the British lines. He led British forces in battle against the army which he had once commanded, and his name became synonymous with treason and betrayal in the United States.

1741-1822

ALI TEBELENI Pasha_The Lion Of Jannin

ALBANIA

1743-1826

THOMAS JEFFERSON

USA

1743-1803

LOUIS CLAUDE DE SAINT MARTIN

  

1745-1797

OLAUDAH EQUIANO

 

1746-1820

HENRY GRATTAN

ENGLAND

1747-1792

JOHN PAUL JONES

  

1747-1813

ROSE BERTIN

THE CREATOR OF FASHION AT THE COURT OF MARIEANTOINETTE

1749–1806

CHARLES JAMES FOX

ENGLAND

1749-1832

GOETHE

  

1750-1827

FREDERICK AUGUSTUS I

THE LAST KING OF POLAND, AND HIS CONTEMPORRARIES

1756-1791

Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART

AUSTRIA

1757-1835

Gilbert du Motier, MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE

FRANCE

1757-1804

ALEXANDER HAMILTON. VOLUME 1 // VOLUME 2

USA

1758-1794

MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE

FRANCE

1759-1794

G.J. DANTON

FRANCE

1759-1805

FRIEDRICH SCHILLER

GERMANY

1763-1830

KING GEORGE IV

ENGLAND

D.1764

YUSUF KHAN: THE REBEL COMMANDANT

INDIA

1766-1817

MADAME DE STAEL

FRANCE

1766-1844

JOSEPH BONAPARTE, KING OF NAPLES AND ITALY

FRANCE

1767-1815

JOAQUIM MURAT

FRANCE

1767-1848

JOHN QUINCI ADAMS

USA

1767-1838

BLACK HAWK, of the Sauk Tribe

USA

1768-1813

TECUMSEH, SHAWANOE INDIAN

 

1768-1860

SOLIMAN PACHA

GÉNÉRALISSIME DES ARMÉES ÉGYPTIENNES OU HISTOIRE DES GUERRES DE L'EGYPTE DE 1820 A 1860

1769-1821

NAPOLEON

1769-1815

MARSHAL NEY

  

1769-1837

ANNA MARIA TAIGI

 

1770-1827

Ludwig van

BEETHOVEN

1770-1827

GEORGE CANNING

ENGLAND

1774-1849

Life Of Cardinal Mezzofanti

  

1777-1825

ALEXANDER I, EMPEROR

RUSSIA

1777-1849

MADAME RÉCAMIER

FRANCE

1782-1862

MARTIN VAN BUREN

USA

1778-1837

Gustavus IV Adolphus, King V1 // Gustavus IV Adolphus, King V2

SWEDEN

1788-1824

LORD BYRON

ENGLAND

1779-1820

STEPHEN DECATUR

United States Navy officer. He was born on the eastern shore of Maryland in Worcester County. His father, Stephen Decatur Sr., was a commodore in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War; he brought the younger Stephen into the world of ships and sailing early on. Shortly after attending college, Decatur followed in his father's footsteps and joined the U.S. Navy at age 19 as a midshipman

1790-1881

SHARPE SAMUEL

  

1792-1858

GULAB SINGH Founder of Kashmir

INDIA

1792-1868

ROSSINI

ITALY

1796-1859

HORACE MANN

 

1797-1876

LEON PAPIN DUPONT

  

1797-1877

ADOLPHE THIERS

FRANCE

1797-1888

WILLIAM I, EMPEROR OF GERMANY AND KING OF PRUSSIA

 

1798-1866

HOMAS HODGKIN

ITALY AND HER INVADERS

(AUTHORS)

1799-1845

THOMAS HOOD

 

1801-1890

John Henry Cardinal-Newman-1 // John Henry CardinalNewman-2

  

1802-1885

VICTOR HUGO

FRANCE

1803–1882

RALPH WALDO EMERSON

USA

1806-1873

JOHN STUART MILL

 

 

Gustavus Adolphus : surnamed The Great, King

SWEDEN

1808-1892

Cardinal Manning archbishop of Westminster -1 // CardinalManning 2 /

ENGLAND

1809-1854

JEAN BAPTISTE MOUARDD

  

1809-1865

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

USA

1809-1849

EDGAR ALLAN POE

USA

1809-1892

ALFRED TENNYSON

ENGLAND

1810-1903

Pope LEO XIII

CHURCH

1811-1832

NAPOLEON II

FRANCE

1812-1870

CHARLES DICKENS

ENGLAND

1812-1885

LADY GEORGIANA FULLERTON

ENGLAND

1813-1883

RICHARD WAGNER

GERMANY

1814-1832

MARIE EUSTELLE HARPAIN

 

1815-1898

OTTO VON BISMARCK

AND THE FOUNDATION OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE

1816-1855

CHARLOTTE BRONTE

ENGLAND

1818-1901

Francesco Crispi-1 / Francesco Crispi-2 / Francesco Crispi-3

  

1819-1901

QUEEN VICTORIA

ENGLAND

1819-1900

JOHN RUSKIN

ENGLAND

1820-1910

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

ENGLAND

1820-1877

YAKOO BEG : ATHALIK GHAZI . AMEER OF KASHGAR

 

1820-1903

FANNY CROSBY

USA

1821-1894

HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ

PRUSIA

1821-1912

CLARA BARTON founder of the American Red cross

USA

1822-1857

JOHN NICHOLSON Hero Of Delhi

IRELAND

1822-1898

MRS. ELIZABETH LYNN LINTON

ENGLAND

1822-1895

LOUIS PASTEUR

FRANCE

1822-1847

MARIE LATAS

  

1823-1861

ABDUL MEDJID, Sultan

Turkey

1823-1892

ERNEST RENAN

FRANCE

1824-1907

Lord KELVIN

ENGLAND

1828-1906

HENRIK IBSEN

NORWAY

1828-1910

TOSLTOY

  

1829-1861

THEOPHANE VERNARD

  

1830-1916

FRANCIS JOSEPH I

GERMANY

1831-1881

James A. Garfield

USA

1831-1879

JAMES CLERK MAXWEL

  

1832-1867

MAXIMILIAN I OF MEXICO

MEXICO

1834-1896

HEINRICH VON TREITSCHKE

GERMANY

1836-1914

JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN

ENGLAND

1836-1912

Lawrence Alma Tadema

  

1837-1905

TIPPOO TIB,the story of his career in Central Africa

TANZANIA

1837-1898

EMPRESS ELIZABETH Consort Of FRANZ JOSEPH I

AUSTRIA

1839-1922

GEORGE CADBURY

  

1845-1886

LUDWIG II, KING OF BAVARIA.

1849-1917

JOHN HUNTER

ENGLAND

 

 

  

Abdur Rahman.1840-1901

Murad V, 1840-1904

Abdul Hamid II, 1842-1918

Haile Selassie. 1892 – 1975

ADMIRAL TOGO (J) 1848-1934

MEIJI, THE EMPEROR (J) 1852-1912

OSCAR WILDE (IRL)1854-1900

SUPALAYAT, THIBAW'S Queen (BURMA) 1854-1912

1833-1897

JOHANNES BRAHMS V 1

JOHANNES BRAHMS V 2

 

GEORGE BERNARD SHAW (IRL) 1856-1960

THEODORE ROOSEVELT (USA) 1858-1919

AUGUSTA VICTORIA (D) 1858-1912

VENUSTIANO CARRANZA (MEX) 1859-1920

1864-1936

ELEFTHERIOS VENIZELOS

GREECE

 ​

CONAN DOYLE (UK) 1859-1930

THEODOR HERZL (H) 1860-1904

RAYMOND POINCARE (F) 1860-1934

Mahatma GANDHI (INDIA) 1869-1948

1883-1945

THE LIFE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini[a] (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) Italian politician and journalist who was the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his overthrow in 1943. He was also Duce of Italian fascism from the establishment of the Italian Fasces of Combat in 1919, until his summary execution in 1945. He founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF). As a dictator and founder of fascism, Mussolini inspired the international spread of fascist movements during the interwar period.

GUGLIELMO MARCONI

(IT) 1874-1937

WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT

1875-1930

    

 

GEORGES BRAQUE (F) 1882-1963

GABRIEL CAPONE (USA) 1899-1947

MARTIN HEIDEGGER (D) 1889-1976

 

 

BIOGRAPHYCAL UNIVERSAL LIBRARY.

 

 

 

AMAZON

 

 

 

 

THE LIVES AND TIMES OF THE POPES (FROM SAINT PETER TO GREGORY I THE GREAT)

PAPIAS AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES. A STUDY OF RELIGIOUS THOUGHT IN THE SECOND CENTURY

HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH FROM THE APOSTOLIC AGE TO THE REFORMATION BY JAMES C. ROBERTSON

VOLUME I. A.D. 64-1517

VOLUME II. A.D. 395-814

VOLUME III. A.D 814-1046

VOLUME IV. A.D. 1046-1106

VOLUME V. A.D. 1106-1198

VOLUME VI. A. D. 1198-1303

VOLUME VII. A.D. 1303-1418

VOLUME VIII. A.D. 1418-1517

 

George Grote's History of Greece

FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE CLOSE OF THE GENERATION CONTEMPORARY WITH ALEXANDER THE GREAT.
VOLUME I. Legendary Greece: FROM THE GODS AND HEROES TO THE FOUNDATION OF THE OLIMPIC GAMES (776 BC)
VOLUME II.
VOLUME III.

THE AGE OF THE DESPOTS AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE WESTERN COLONIES
VOLUME IV.
VOLUME V.
VOLUME VI:
VOLUME VII:
VOLUME VIII.

THE SOCRATIC AGE
VOLUME IX.

FROM THE RETREAT OF THE TEN THOUSAND TO THE PEACE OF ANTALCIDAS

VOLUME X.
VOLUME XI.

B.C. 394-336. TIMOLEON THE CORINTHIAN AND PHILIPS THE MACEDON
VOLUME XII.

ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES

 

 
HISTORY OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
 

 

 

 

PAPERBACK

ITALY AND HER INVADERS (THOMAS HODGKIN )

 

ITALY AND HER INVADERS The Visigothic Invasion

Hunnish,Vandal and Herulian Invasions

Ostrogothic Invasion. Imperial Restoration

 

The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages.

Horace k. Mann
THE POPES UNDER THE LOMBARD RULE. PART I. St. Gregory I (the Great) to Leo III, 590-657
THE POPES UNDER THE LOMBARD RULE. PART II. 657-795

THE POPES DURING THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE. Leo III to Formosus A.D. 795-891

THE POPES IN THE DAYS OF FEUDAL ANARCHY. FIRST PART. A.D. 896-999

THE POPES IN THE DAYS OF FEUDAL ANARCHY. PART TWO. A.D.999-1048

THE POPES OF THE GREGORIAN RENAISSANCE. ST LEO IX TO HONORIUS II. A.D. 1049-1130
THE POPES AT THE HEIGHT OF THEIR TEMPORAL INFLUENCE. A.D. 1130-1159
THE POPES AT THE HEIGHT OF THEIR TEMPORAL INFLUENCE. A.D. 1159-1198

THE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARY MIDDLE AGES

Horace Mann 

Edición Kindle : Cristo Raul (Editor)

Part One

Part Two

 

Edición Kindle 

 

PAPERBACK
George Finlay, (1799-1875), British historian and participant in the War of Greek Independence (1821-32) known principally for his histories of Greece and the Byzantine Empire.
EBOOKS

Greece Under the Romans. B.C. 146 - A.D. 716

The History of the Byzantine Empire from 765 to 1057

The History of the Byzantine Empire, from A.D. 1057 to A.D. 1453

 

Edición Kindle 

THE FOUNDATION OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE.

A HISTORY OF THE OSMANLIS UP TO THE DEATH OF BAYEZID I

(1300-1403)

 


VOLUME I.
GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS. B.C. 146 — A.D. 716


VOLUME II.
FROM A.D. 717 TO 1057

VOLUME III
FROM A.D. 1057 TO A.D. 1453

 

A History of the Popes from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome.

A.D. 1378-1525

 

MANDELL CREIGHTON

(COMPLETE SET)
 

THE GREAT SCHISM. A.D.1378-1414

THE COUNCIL OF CONSTANCE. A.D.1414-1418.

THE PAPAL RESTORATION. A.D. 1444—1464

THE ITALIAN PRINCES. A.D. 1454-1517.

THE GERMAN REVOLT

 

EBOOK
Ludwig Pastor
THE HISTORY OF THE POPES FROM THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. VOLUME I. 1305-1447 A.D
THE HISTORY OF THE POPES FROM THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. VOLUME II. 1447-1458 A.D.
THE HISTORY OF THE POPES FROM THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES.VOLUME III. PIUS II, 1458-1464, A.D.
Ludwig Pastor

 

Edición Kindle

de JOHN CODMAN ROPES (Author), Cristo Raul (Editor)

 

History of India.

From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century
From the Sixth Century B. C. to the Mohammedan Conquest, Including the Invasion of Alexander the Great
From the Mohammedan Conquest to the reign of Akbar the Great. A.D .712-1555
From the Reign of Akbar the Great to the Fall of the Moghul Empire
From the first European Settlements to the Founding of the English East India Company
The European Struggle for Indian Supremacy in the Seventeenth Century
From the Close of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time
EBOOKS

THE HISTORY OF CHARLEMAGNE

ABELARD AND THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY OF UNIVERSITIES

EARLY HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH FROM ITS FOUNDATION TO THE END OF THE FIFTH CENTURY. VOLUME II. THE FOURTH CENTURY

THE CHRISTIAN CLERGY OF THE FIRST TEN CENTURIES. THEIR BENEFICIAL INFLUENCE ON THE EUROPEAN PROGRESS

 

A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL POLITICAL THEORY IN THE WEST. VOLUME. II.

THE POLITICAL THEORY OF THE ROMAN LAWYERS AND CANONISTS FROM THE TENTH CENTURY TO THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY

A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL POLITICAL THEORY IN THE WEST. VOLUME V.

THE POLITICAL THEORY OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY

A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL POLITICAL THEORY IN THE WEST. VOL. VI.

POLITICAL THEORY FROM 1300 TO 1600

THE LIFE OF SALADIN AND THE FALL OF THE KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM

MEDIEVAL FRANCE FROM THE REIGN OF HUGUES CAPET TO THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

LIFE AND TIMES OF FRANCESCO SFORZA, DUKE OF MILAN, WITH A PRELIMINARY SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF ITALY

THE STORY OF THE GOTHS FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE END OF THE GOTHIC DOMINION IN SPAIN

The History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic Kings

THE LIFE OF PIZARRO, with some account of his associates in the Conquest of Peru

THE RISE OF PORTUGUESE POWER IN INDIA, 1497—1550

VASCO DA GAMA AND HIS SUCCESSORS. 1460-1580

HISTORY OF ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO. A.D. 1680-1888

AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE COLONIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA

The Constitutional History of England, from the Accession of Henry VII to the Death of George II

A HISTORY OF THE MODERN WORLD. 1815-1910. VOLUME 1

A HISTORY OF THE MODERN WORLD . 1815-1910 VOLUME 2

History of the Ottoman Empire

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AMAZON

 

 

 

 

THE LIVES AND TIMES OF THE POPES (FROM SAINT PETER TO GREGORY I THE GREAT)

PAPIAS AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES. A STUDY OF RELIGIOUS THOUGHT IN THE SECOND CENTURY

HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH FROM THE APOSTOLIC AGE TO THE REFORMATION BY JAMES C. ROBERTSON

VOLUME I. A.D. 64-1517

VOLUME II. A.D. 395-814

VOLUME III. A.D 814-1046

VOLUME IV. A.D. 1046-1106

VOLUME V. A.D. 1106-1198

VOLUME VI. A. D. 1198-1303

VOLUME VII. A.D. 1303-1418

VOLUME VIII. A.D. 1418-1517

 

George Grote's History of Greece

FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE CLOSE OF THE GENERATION CONTEMPORARY WITH ALEXANDER THE GREAT.
VOLUME I. Legendary Greece: FROM THE GODS AND HEROES TO THE FOUNDATION OF THE OLIMPIC GAMES (776 BC)
VOLUME II.
VOLUME III.

THE AGE OF THE DESPOTS AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE WESTERN COLONIES
VOLUME IV.
VOLUME V.
VOLUME VI:
VOLUME VII:
VOLUME VIII.

THE SOCRATIC AGE
VOLUME IX.

FROM THE RETREAT OF THE TEN THOUSAND TO THE PEACE OF ANTALCIDAS

VOLUME X.
VOLUME XI.

B.C. 394-336. TIMOLEON THE CORINTHIAN AND PHILIPS THE MACEDON
VOLUME XII.

ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES

 

 
HISTORY OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
 

 

 

 

PAPERBACK

ITALY AND HER INVADERS (THOMAS HODGKIN )

 

ITALY AND HER INVADERS The Visigothic Invasion

Hunnish,Vandal and Herulian Invasions

Ostrogothic Invasion. Imperial Restoration

 

The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages.

Horace k. Mann
THE POPES UNDER THE LOMBARD RULE. PART I. St. Gregory I (the Great) to Leo III, 590-657
THE POPES UNDER THE LOMBARD RULE. PART II. 657-795

THE POPES DURING THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE. Leo III to Formosus A.D. 795-891

THE POPES IN THE DAYS OF FEUDAL ANARCHY. FIRST PART. A.D. 896-999

THE POPES IN THE DAYS OF FEUDAL ANARCHY. PART TWO. A.D.999-1048

THE POPES OF THE GREGORIAN RENAISSANCE. ST LEO IX TO HONORIUS II. A.D. 1049-1130
THE POPES AT THE HEIGHT OF THEIR TEMPORAL INFLUENCE. A.D. 1130-1159
THE POPES AT THE HEIGHT OF THEIR TEMPORAL INFLUENCE. A.D. 1159-1198

THE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARY MIDDLE AGES

Horace Mann 

Edición Kindle : Cristo Raul (Editor)

Part One

Part Two

 

Edición Kindle 

 

PAPERBACK
George Finlay, (1799-1875), British historian and participant in the War of Greek Independence (1821-32) known principally for his histories of Greece and the Byzantine Empire.
EBOOKS

Greece Under the Romans. B.C. 146 - A.D. 716

The History of the Byzantine Empire from 765 to 1057

The History of the Byzantine Empire, from A.D. 1057 to A.D. 1453

 

Edición Kindle 

THE FOUNDATION OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE.

A HISTORY OF THE OSMANLIS UP TO THE DEATH OF BAYEZID I

(1300-1403)

 


VOLUME I.
GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS. B.C. 146 — A.D. 716


VOLUME II.
FROM A.D. 717 TO 1057

VOLUME III
FROM A.D. 1057 TO A.D. 1453

 

A History of the Popes from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome.

A.D. 1378-1525

 

MANDELL CREIGHTON

(COMPLETE SET)
 

THE GREAT SCHISM. A.D.1378-1414

THE COUNCIL OF CONSTANCE. A.D.1414-1418.

THE PAPAL RESTORATION. A.D. 1444—1464

THE ITALIAN PRINCES. A.D. 1454-1517.

THE GERMAN REVOLT

 

EBOOK
Ludwig Pastor
THE HISTORY OF THE POPES FROM THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. VOLUME I. 1305-1447 A.D
THE HISTORY OF THE POPES FROM THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. VOLUME II. 1447-1458 A.D.
THE HISTORY OF THE POPES FROM THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES.VOLUME III. PIUS II, 1458-1464, A.D.
Ludwig Pastor

 

Edición Kindle

de JOHN CODMAN ROPES (Author), Cristo Raul (Editor)

 

History of India.

From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century
From the Sixth Century B. C. to the Mohammedan Conquest, Including the Invasion of Alexander the Great
From the Mohammedan Conquest to the reign of Akbar the Great. A.D .712-1555
From the Reign of Akbar the Great to the Fall of the Moghul Empire
From the first European Settlements to the Founding of the English East India Company
The European Struggle for Indian Supremacy in the Seventeenth Century
From the Close of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time
EBOOKS

THE HISTORY OF CHARLEMAGNE

ABELARD AND THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY OF UNIVERSITIES

EARLY HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH FROM ITS FOUNDATION TO THE END OF THE FIFTH CENTURY. VOLUME II. THE FOURTH CENTURY

THE CHRISTIAN CLERGY OF THE FIRST TEN CENTURIES. THEIR BENEFICIAL INFLUENCE ON THE EUROPEAN PROGRESS

 

A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL POLITICAL THEORY IN THE WEST. VOLUME. II.

THE POLITICAL THEORY OF THE ROMAN LAWYERS AND CANONISTS FROM THE TENTH CENTURY TO THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY

A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL POLITICAL THEORY IN THE WEST. VOLUME V.

THE POLITICAL THEORY OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY

A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL POLITICAL THEORY IN THE WEST. VOL. VI.

POLITICAL THEORY FROM 1300 TO 1600

THE LIFE OF SALADIN AND THE FALL OF THE KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM

MEDIEVAL FRANCE FROM THE REIGN OF HUGUES CAPET TO THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

LIFE AND TIMES OF FRANCESCO SFORZA, DUKE OF MILAN, WITH A PRELIMINARY SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF ITALY

THE STORY OF THE GOTHS FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE END OF THE GOTHIC DOMINION IN SPAIN

The History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic Kings

THE LIFE OF PIZARRO, with some account of his associates in the Conquest of Peru

THE RISE OF PORTUGUESE POWER IN INDIA, 1497—1550

VASCO DA GAMA AND HIS SUCCESSORS. 1460-1580

HISTORY OF ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO. A.D. 1680-1888

AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE COLONIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA

The Constitutional History of England, from the Accession of Henry VII to the Death of George II

A HISTORY OF THE MODERN WORLD. 1815-1910. VOLUME 1

A HISTORY OF THE MODERN WORLD . 1815-1910 VOLUME 2

History of the Ottoman Empire