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J. B. BURY’ THE CAMBRIDGE MEDIEVAL HISTORYVOLUME VIIDECLINE OF EMPIRE AND PAPACY
INTRODUCTION. C. W. Previte-OrtonCHAPTER
I. ITALY IN THE TIME OF DANTE. Edward
Armstrong
CHAPTER
II. ITALY, 1313-1414. Romolo Caggese
CHAPTER
III GERMANY, 1273-1313. (A) P. J. Blok (B) W. T. Waugh
CHAPTER
IV. GERMANY: LEWIS THE BAVARIAN. W. T. Waugh
CHAPTER
V. GERMANY: CHARLES IV. W. T. Waugh
CHAPTER
VI. BOHEMIA IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY. Kamil kofta
CHAPTER
VII. THE SWISS CONFEDERATION IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Paul E. Martin
CHAPTER
VIII. THE HANSA. A. Weiner
CHAPTER
IX. THE TEUTONIC ORDER. Alexander
Bruce Boswell
CHAPTER
X. THE POPES OF AVIGNON AND THE GREAT SCHISM. Guillaume Mollat
CHAPTER
XI. FRANCE: THE LAST CAPETIANS. Hilda
Johnstone
CHAPTER
XII. FRANCE: THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR (TO 1380) A. Coville
CHAPTER
XIII. FRANCE: ARMAGNACS AND BURGUNDIANS (1380-1422) A. Coville.
CHAPTER
XIV. ENGLAND: EDWARD I AND EDWARD II. Hilda
Johnstone
CHAPTER
XV. ENGLAND: EDWARD III AND RICHARD II. Bernard L. Manning
CHAPTER
XVI WYCLIF. Bernard L. Manning
CHAPTER
XVII. WALES, 1066 TO 1485. J. E. Lloyd
CHAPTER
XVIII. IRELAND TO 1315. Goddard H. Orpen
CHAPTER
XIX. SCOTLAND TO 1328. C. Sanford
Terry
CHAPTER
XX. SPAIN, 1252-1410. Rafael Altamira
CHAPTER
XXI. RUSSIA, 1015-1462. D. S. Mirsky.
CHAPTER
XXII. THE JEWS IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Cecil
Roth
CHAPTER
XXIII. MEDIEVAL ESTATES. C. H. McIlwain
CHAPTER
XXIV. PEASANT LIFE AND RURAL CONDITIONS (c. 1100 TO c. 1500). Eileen E. Power
CHAPTER
XXV. THE EARLY RENAISSANCE. Arthur A.Tilley
CHAPTER
XXVI. MEDIEVAL MYSTICISM. Evelyn
Underhill
NICE READINGA hundred years of history; from record and chronicle 1216-1327Medieval France; a companion to French studiesPetrarch : a sketch of his life and worksDante Alighieri, apostle of freedomLe cardinal Bessarion (1403-1472) étude sur le chrétienté et la renaissanceThe treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of ConstantineBrunelleschi (1377-1446)Life of St. Stephen Harding: abbot of Citeaux and founder of the Cistercian orderSt Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109)The Life and Times of Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux. A.D. 1091-1153Life of St Francis of Assisi (1182—1226)St. Gertrude the Great (1256-1301)Saint Catherine of Siena and her times (1347-80)St. Bridget of Sweden (1303-1373) ; a chapter of mediaeval church historyThomas à Kempis (1380-1471) and the Brothers of the common life Volume 1Thomas à Kempis (1380-1471) and the Brothers of the common life Volume 2Saint Catherine of Siena and her times (1347-80)St Bernardino of Siena (1380-1444)Aspects of Christian MysticismThe Cloud of unknowingJacopone da Todi, poet and mystic-1228-1306, a spiritual biographyJohn of Roysbroeck. The adornment of the spiritual marriage ; The sparkling stone ; The book of supreme truth
CHRONOLOGICAL
TABLE OF LEADING EVENTS MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME
521-97
St Columba.
844
Kenneth MacAlpin unites the Scots and Picts.
976
1014 Brian Borumha, King of Munster.
1018
Malcolm II adds Lothian to the Kingdom of Scotland.
1019-54
Yaroslav, Great Prince of Kiev.
1096
Treaties of Lyúbech between the princes of the house of Rurik.
Wholesale
massacres of Jews in France and Germany.
1124-53
David I, King of Scots.
1143
German colonists begin moving east of the Elbe en masse.
1144
Belief that William of Norwich was martyred by the Jews begins the “blood-accusation.”
1170
Strongbow begins the Norman conquest of Ireland.
1171
Henry II of England recognised as “Lord of Ireland.”
1188
The Cortes of Leon contain representatives of the cities.
1189
Pope Clement III declares the Scottish Church filia specialis of the Roman See.
190
Massacre of the Jew's at York.
1194-1240
Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales.
1204
Bishop Albert’s crusading Order in Livonia founded.
1210-39
Herman of Salza, Grandmaster of the Teutonic Order.
1215
Badges for the Jews prescribed in the Fourth Lateran Council.
1224
The Mongols defeat the Russians at the Kalka.
1228-30
The Teutonic Order enters Prussia.
1232
Frederick II summons representatives of the towns to a general assembly in
Sicily
1237
Union of the Knights of the Sword with the Teutonic Order.
1240
Batu the Mongol destroys Kiev.
1241
Battle of Liegnitz.
1242
Batu founds the Khanate of the Golden Horde.
Alexander Nevsky defeats the Teutonic Order on Lake Peipus.
1254
Knights of the Shire summoned to the English Parliament.
1256-63
Alfonso X the Learned of Castile draws up the Siete Partidas.
1258-82 Llvwelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales.
1259
Treaty of Paris between France and England.
1263
Cession of the Hebrides to Scotland by Norway.
1265
Representatives of boroughs summoned to the English Parliament.
1266-85
Charles I of Anjou, King of Sicily.
1270-85 Philip III the Bold, King of France.
1271
Death of Alphonse of Poitou and Toulouse.
1271-76 Gregory X, Pope.
1272-1307 Edward I, King of England.
1273-91 Rudolf I of Habsburg, King of the
Romans. Close of Interregnum
1274 Rudolf surrenders Romagna, Ancona, and
Spoleto to the Papacy
1275 Second General Council of Lyons. Union of
Latin and Greek Churches
1276-85 Peter III the
Great, King of Aragon.
1277-80 Nicholas III, Pope.
1278Defeat and death of Ottokar II of Bohemia
on the Marchfeld
The
Statute of Gloucester (Quo Warranto).
1279Rudolf renounces all imperial claims on
the Papal State and Sicily
Statute of Mortmain.
1282
Rudolf creates his sons Albert and Rudolf Dukes of Austria and Styria.
1282-1302
The War of the Sicilian Vespers.
1282
Separation of Naples and Sicily. Peter III of Aragon, King of Sicily.
1282-83
Edward I conquers the principality of Wales.
1282 Peter
III of Aragon grants the Privilegio General.
1283 The
subjection of Prussia completed by the Teutonic Order.
1285-1309 Charles II, King of Naples.
1285-1314
Philip IV the Fair, King of France.
1285 Champagne
united to the French Crown.
Statute
of Winchester.
Second
Statute of Westminster (De Donis Conditionalibus).
1286 Edward
I issues writ Circumspeete agatis.
1288 Peace
of Caiifranc between Aragon and the Pope.
Alfonso III of Aragon grants the Privilegio de
la Union.
1288-92
Nicholas IV, Pope.
1289 Battle
of Campaldino.
1290 Expulsion
of the Jews from England.
Third
Statute of Westminster (Quia Emptores).
Death
of Margaret, Queen of Scots (the Maid of Norway).
1291-1327 James II, King of Aragon.
1291 Loss of Acre. End of Latin Kingdom of
Jerusalem.
Edward
I of England acknowledged as suzerain of Scotland.
The
Confederation of the Three Forest Cantons founds Switzerland.
1292-98 Adolf of Nassau, King of the Romans.
1292 John
Balliol becomes King of Scots.
1293 Ordinances
of J ustice at Florence.
1294 Philip
IV seizes Gascony.
Celestine
V, Pope.
Treaty
of Tonsberg between the Hansa and Norway.
1294-1303
Boniface VIII, Pope.
1295 The
“Model” Parliament.
Peace
of Anagni between Aragon, Naples, the Pope, and France.
Alliance
of France and Scotland begins.
Matteo
Visconti becomes despot of Milan.
1296
Boniface VIII issues the bull Clericis laicos.
Edward
1 annexes Scotland to England.
1296-1337 Frederick II, King of Sicily.
1297 Temporary
reconciliation of Boniface VIII and Philip IV.
Edward
I confirms the Charters with additions.
Closing
of the Great Council at Venice.
First
Irish Parliament summoned.
1297-1305 Sir William Wallace leads Scottish
War of Independence.
1298 Defeat
of Venetians by Genoese at Curzola.
Edward
I defeats Wallace at Falkirk.
1298-1308 Albert I of Austria, King of the
Romans.
1299 Battle
of Falconaria.
1300 The
Papal Jubilee.
1300-1
Expulsion of Whites from Florence. Exile of Dante.
1301 Edward
I creates his eldest son Edward Prince of Wales.
1302 Renewed
hostility of Boniface VIII and Philip IV.
Battle
of Courtrai. Philip IV holds “States General” at Paris.
Matteo
Visconti deposed. Guido della Torre, despot of Milan.
Peace
of Caltabellotta.
Boniface
VIII issues Unam sanctam.
1303 Edward
I issues the Carta Mercatoria.
Peace
of Paris between Edward I and Philip IV.
Capture of Boniface VIII at Anagni.
1303-4
Benedict XI, Pope.
1305 Treaty
of Athis-sur-Orge between
Philip IV and the Flemings.
1305-14 Clement V, Pope. Papacy transferred to
France.
1306 Robert
I Bruce crowned King of Scots. He continues War of Independence.
Expulsion
of the Jews from France.
1307 Lyons
admits French suzerainty.
Philip
IV attacks the Templars.
1307- 27
Edward II, King of England.
1308- 10
Ferrarese War and defeat of Venice by papal army.
1308- 13
Henry VII of Luxemburg, King (Emperor) of the Romans.
1309 Clement
V fixes the seat of the Papacy at Avignon.
1309- 43
Robert the Wise, King of Naples.
1310- 18
The Lords Ordainers in England.
1310 Conspiracy
of Tiepolo. Council of Ten instituted at Venice.
Henry
VII conquers Bohemia for his son John.
1310-46
John of Luxemburg, King of Bohemia.
1310- 13
Henry VIPs Italian expedition.
1311 Clement
V erases bulls against Philip IV from the papal records.
1311- 22
Second tyranny of Matteo Visconti at Milan.
1311-29
Can Grande I della Scala, despot of Verona.
1311-12
General Council of Vienne.
1312 Abolition
of the Order of Knights Templars.
1313 Breach
of Henry VII with Papacy. His death.
Ordinance
of the Staple.
1314 Double
election of Lewis IV’ of Bavaria and Frederick the Handsome of
Austria
as Kings of the Romans.
Robert
Bruce defeats the English at Bannockburn.
Leagues
of protest formed in France against the Crown.
1314-16
Louis X Hutin, King of France.
1315 Defeat
of Guelfs by Ghibellines at Montecatini in Tuscany.
The Swiss defeat Leopold of Austria at Morgarten. Renewal of Swiss Confederation.
Death
of Raymond Lull.
Louis
X grants charters to the Leaguers.
1316-22
Philip V the Tall, King of France.
1316-34
John XXII, Pope.
1317
Assembly at Paris declares that a woman cannot inherit the French throne.
1321 Death
of Dante.
1322-28
Charles IV the Fair, King of France.
1322 Battle of Boroughbridge. Execution of
Thomas Earl of Lancaster.
Parliament
of York. Commons’ consent necessary to fundamental Statutes.
Lewis
IV defeats and captures Frederick the Handsome at Mühldorf.
1323 John
XXII issues decretal Cum inter nonnullos.
1324 John
XXII declares Lewis IV deprived of the Empire.
Lewis
IV declares John XXII a heretic. The Sachsenhausen Appeal.
Publication
of the Defensor Pacis of Marsilio of Padua and John of Jandun.
1327
Edward II of England deposed.
1327-77
Edward III, King of England.
1327 Peace
of Paris between France and England.
Death
of Master Eckehart.
1327-30 Lewis IV’s Italian expedition.
1328-50 Philip VI of Valois, King of France.
Succession through males only (“Salic Law”)
established.
1328 Lewis
IV’s lay coronation as Emperor at Rome.
Philip
VI defeats the Flemings at Cassel.
Independence of Scotland recognised by the
Treaty of Northampton
Ivan I Kalita of
Moscow becomes Grand Prince. P ’
1329-71 David II, King of Scots.
1330-31 John of Bohemia in Italy.
1330
Edward III overthrows the power of Mortimer and Isabella.
1334-42
Benedict XII, Pope.
1337 Outbreak
of the Hundred Years’ War. Edward claims the French Crown.
1337-45
James van Artevelde rules Ghent.
1338 The
Electors’ Declaration of Rense.
The German Diet’s ordinance (at Frankfort)
Licet iuris declares the imperial election and power
to be independent of the Pope.
1339 Revolution
in favour of the popolo in Genoa.
1340 Edward
III takes title of King of France.
Edward
III defeats the French in the naval battle of Sluys.
Edward
III assents to Statute forbidding taxation save by consent of Parliament.
1340-41
Edward Ill’s quarrel with Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury.
1342 Petrarch
crowned at Rome.
1342-52
Clement VI, Pope.
1342-43 Tyranny of Walter of Brienne at Florence.
1343-83 Amadeus VI (“the Green Count”), Count
of Savoy.
1343-81
Joanna I, Queen of Naples.
1343 Peace
of Kalisz between Casimir the Great of Poland and the Teutonic Order.
1344 Prague
made an archbishopric.
1346 Renewed
papal deprivation of Lewis IV.
Charles
IV (of Bohemia) elected King of the Romans.
1346-78
Charles (I), King of Bohemia.
1346 Edward
III defeats Philip VI at Crecy.
Defeat
of the Scots at Neville’s Cross.
1347 Cola
di Rienzo tribune at Rome.
Edward
III captures Calais.
Death
of Lewis IV.
1348 Peter
IV the Ceremonious of Aragon abolishes the Privilegio de la Union.
Charles
IV founds the University of Prague.
1348-50
The Black Death.
1348-49 Massacres of the Jews throughout
Germany lead to their emigration to Poland, which becomes their headquarters.
1349-69 Peter I the Cruel, King of Castile.
1349Charles, eldest grandson of the King of
France, becomes Dauphin.
Death of Richard Rolle.
1350-64 John II the Good, King of France.
1351
Zurich joins the Swiss Confederation.
The
first Statute of Provisors in England.
1352-62 Innocent VI, Pope.
1353-63 Cardinal Albornoz restores the Papal
State.
1353 Berne
joins the Swiss Confederation. Boccaccio finishes the Decameron.
1354 Majorca
finally becomes part of the Aragonese kingdom.
1354-78 St Alexis, Metropolitan of Russia.
1355 Etienne
Marcel takes the lead in the States General.
Charles
IV crowned Emperor at Rome.
1355-56 Charles IV promulgates the Golden
Bull, fixing the number and powers of the Electors.
1356 The
Black Prince defeats and captures John II at Poitiers (Maupertuis).
1356-58 The States General under Etienne
Marcel attempt reforms.
1357 Cardinal
Albornoz promulgates the Egidian Constitutions for
the Papal State.
1358 The
Jacquerie in France. Death of Marcel.
1360 Waldemar
IV of Denmark sacks Wisby.
Treaties
of Bretigny and Calais.
1361 Death
of Tauler.
1362 First
version of the Vision of Piers the Plowman heing written.
The English Parliament opened by a speech in
English.
1362-70
Urban V, Pope.
1363 Philip
the Bold made Duke of Burgundy.
c.
1364 John Milic of Kromeriz begins to preach at
Prague.
1364-80
Charles V the Wise, King of France.
1365
Statute of Praemunire in England.
1367
Victory of the Black Prince at Najera.
1368-69
Charles IV’s second Italian expedition.
1369 Renewal
of the Hundred Years’ War.
Henry
II of Trastamara becomes finally King of Castile. Treaty of Stralsund between
the Hansa and Waldemar IV.
1370 The Pfaffenbrief adopted by the Swiss
Confederation.
c.
1370 Wyclif publishes De Benedictu lnearnatione.
1370-78
Gregory XI, Pope.
1371 Edward
III agrees to Parliament’s petition for lay ministers of the Crown.
1372 A
Castilian fleet defeats the English off La Rochelle.
1372-73
Chaucer’s first journey to Italy.
1373 Charles
IV acquires Brandenhurg.
1374 Death
of Petrarch.
1375 Death
of Boccaccio.
1376 The
Good Parliament in England.
Death of the Black Prince.
1376-78
War of the “Eight Saints” between Florence and the Papacy.
1376-80 Wenceslas, King of the Romans.
1377 Gregory
XI returns to Rome.
Gregory
XI condemns Wyclif’s teaching in the De Civili Dominio.
Death
of Edward III.
1377-99 Richard II, King of England.
1378 Revolt
of the Ciompi at Florence.
Dimitri Donskoy of Moscow defeats the Tartars at Kulikovo on the Don.
1378-89 Urban VI, Pope at Rome.
1378
The Great Schism breaks out.
1378-94
Clement VII, Pope at Avignon.
1378 Death
of Charles IV.
1378-1419
Wenceslas (IV), King of Bohemia.
c.
1379 Wyclif teaches his doctrine of the Eucharist.
1379 Death
of Bertrand du Guesclin.
1380 Death
of St Catherine of Siena.
Genoese forces surrender at Chioggia.
c.
1380 The Lollard translation of the Bible into English in progress.
1380-82
Philip van Artevelde rules Ghent.
1380-1422 Charles VI, King of France.
1381 The
Peasants’ Revolt in England.
1381-86 Charles III of Durazzo, King of
Naples.
1381 Peace
of Turin between Venice and Genoa.
1382 Archbishop
Courtenay suppresses the Lollard party at Oxford.
Charles VI defeats the Flemings at Roosebeke.
1384 Philip
the Bold of Burgundy becomes Count of Flanders and Franche Comté.
Death
of Wyclif.
Death
of Gerard Groote.
1385 The
Portuguese defeat the Castilians at Aljubarrota.
Peace
of Tournai between Philip the Bold and the Flemings
1385-1402 Gian Galeazzo Visconti, despot of
Milan.
1386 The
Swiss defeat Rudolf IV of Austria at Sempach.
1386-1414 Ladislas, King of Naples.
1388
The Merciless Parliament in England.
The
Swiss defeat Albert III of Austria at Nafels.
1389
Richard II assumes full royal power.
1389-1404
Boniface IX, Pope at Rome.
1391 Massacres
of the Jews cause the existence of crypto-Judaism in Spain.
1392 Charles
VI of France becomes insane for the first time
Treaty of the Hansa with Novgorod (the “cross-kissing
of John Niebur”).
1393 Murder
of John of Nepomuk.
The Sempacherhrief promulgated by the Swiss
Confederation.
The
“great” Statute of Praemunire in England.
1394 Death
of Matthias of Janov.
Peace
between Austria and Switzerland.
1394 Benedict
XIII elected Pope at Avignon.
1395 Gian
Galeazzo Visconti created Duke of Milan.
1396 Truce
in the Hundred Years’ War.
1396-1403 Chrysoloras teaches Greek at Florence, Milan, and
Pavia.
1397 The
Union of Kalmar.
1398 The
Parliament of Shrewsbury. Richard II banishes Norfolk and Hereford.
France
withdraws obedience from Benedict XIII.
1399 Deposition
of Richard II.
1399-1413 Henry IV, King of England.
1400-8 Revolt of Owain Glyn Dwt in Wales.
1400 Deposition
of Wenceslas.
1400-10
Rupert of the Rhine, King of the Romans.
1400 Death
of Chaucer.
1401 Rupert,
King of the Romans, defeated by the Visconti.
1402 John
Hus in charge of the Bethlehem Chapel at Prague.
1403 France
returns to obedience to Benedict XIII.
1404-6 Innocent VII, Pope at Rome.
1404-19
John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy.
1406 Pisa
becomes subject to Florence.
Gregory
XII elected Pope at Rome.
1407 Murder
of Louis, Duke of Orleans. The Burgundian and Armagnac factions take shape in
France.
1408
France declares neutrality between the Popes. Rise of national churches.
Revolt
and union of the Cardinals of both Popes.
1409
General Council of Pisa. It deposes both Popes and elects Alexander V.
Martin
I of Aragon becomes Martin II, King of Sicily.
1410 Death of Alexander V. Election of John
XXIII as Pope.
Defeat
of the Teutonic Order by the Poles at Tannenberg (Grunwald).
Sigismund
of Luxemburg, King of Hungary, elected King of the Romans.
1412 Filippo
Maria Visconti becomes Duke of Milan.
1413 Thhe Cabochian riots in Paris.
The Ordonnance Cabochiemie.
1413-22 Henry V, King of England.
1414-18 General Council of Constance.
1414-60 Guarino of Verona teaches the classics
at Venice, Verona, and Ferrara.
1415 The Council of Constance deposes John
XXIII. Gregory XII abdicates.
Henry V defeats the French at Agincourt.
1417
The Council of Constance deposes Benedict XIII and elects Martin V Pope.
1419 Henry
V captures Rouen.
Murder
of John the Fearless of Burgundy at Montereau.
1419-67 Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.
1420 Treaty
of Troyes by which Henry V becomes Regent of France and heir to the throne.
1420-46 Vittorino da
Feltre conducts his school of La Giocosa at Mantua.
1422 Deaths of Henry V and Charles VI.
1422-61
Charles VII, King of France.
1438
Bessarion settles in Italy.
1440
Lorenzo Valla proves the Donation of Constantine to be spurious.
1444
The Dauphin Louis invades Switzerland with the Écorcheurs.
1446
Peace of Constance.
1448-61
St Jonas, Metropolitan of Russia, independent of the Patriarch of
Constantinople.
1453
Fall of Constantinople.
1457
Peace of Lübeck between the Duke of Burgundy and the Hansa.
1461-83
Louis XI, King of France.
1462
Ivan III becomes Grand Prince of all Russia.
1466
Peace of Thorn between Poland and the Teutonic Order.
1467-77
Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.
1474
“Perpetual Peace” between Switzerland and Austria.
Treaties
of Utrecht between England and the Hansa.
1476 The
Swiss defeat Charles the Bold at Grandson and Morat.
1477 The
Swiss defeat Charles the Bold at Nancy.
1478 Peace
of Zurich.
Ivan
III of Russia annexes Novgorod.
1480 Ivan
III of Russia throws off the Tartar suzerainty.
1481 The
Covenant of Stanz promulgated by the Swiss Confederation.
1492
Expulsion of the Jews from the Spanish dominions.
1496
Expulsion of the Jews from Portugal.
1499
Autonomy of Switzerland within the Empire recognised by the Peace of Basle.
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