THE ARIANS OF THE FOURTH CENTURY

by

JOHN HENRY “CARDINAL” NEWMAN

PART I. DOCTRINAL.

CHAPTER I.

SCHOOLS AND PARTIES IN AND ABOUT THE ANTE-NICENE CHURCH, IN THEIR RELATION TO THE ARIAN HERESY.

SECTION 1.—The Church of Antioch 

SECTION II.—The Schools of the Sophists 

SECTION III.—The Church of Alexandria 

SECTION IV.—The Eclectic Sect 

SECTION V .—Sabellianism 

CHAPTER II.

THE TEACHING OF THE ANTE-NICENE CHURCH IN ITS RELATION TO THE ARIAN HERESY.

SECTION I.—On the principle of the formation and imposition of Creeds 

SECTION II.—The Scripture doctrine of the Trinity 

SECTION III.—The Ecclesiastical doctrine of the Trinity 

SECTION IV.—Variations in the Ante-Nicene Theological Statements

SECTION V.— The Arian Heresy 

PART II. HISTORICAL

CHAPTER III.

THE ECUMENICAL COUNCIL OF NICEA IN THE REIGN CONSTANTINE.

SECTION I.—History of the Nicene Council

SECTION II.—Consequences of the Nicene Council.

CHAPTER IV

COUNCILS IN THE REIGN OF CONSTANTIUS.

SECTION I.—The Eusebians.

SECTION II.—The Athanasians.

SECTION III.- The Athanasians

SECTION IV.—The Anomoeans

CHAPTER V.

COUNCILS AFTER THE REIGN OF CONSTANTIUS.

SECTION I.—Section I. — The Council of Alexandria in the reign of Julian

SECTION II.—Tke Ecumenical Council of Constantinople in the reign of Theodosius

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

40Philo Judseus,
49St. Mark in Egypt,
90Cerinthus and Ebion, heretics,
137Nazarenes, heretics,
140Valentine, heretic,
144Marcion, heretic,
167Justin, martyred
168Theophilus, Bishop of Antioch,
169Tatian, heretic,
171Montanus, heresiarch,
177Athenagoras writes his Apology,
189Pantaenus, Missionary to the Indians,
189Demetrius, Bishop of Alexandria,
189Clement of Alexandria, Master of the Catechetical School,
193Theodotus and Artemon, heretics,
193Severus, Emperor,
197Victor, Bishop of Rome,
197Quarto-decimans of Asia Minor,
201Praxeas, heretic,
202Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, martyred
203Origen, aged 18, Master of the Catechetical School,
204Tertullian, falls away into Montanism,
217Philostratus writes the Life of Apollonius Tyanaeus,
220Noetus, heretic,
231Origen converts Gregory Thaumaturgus,
232Ammonius the Eclectic,
239Gregory Thaumaturgus delivers his panegyric on Origen,
244Plotinus at Rome,
250Babylas, Bishop of Antioch martyred,
250Novatian, heresiarch,
252Hippolytus, martyr,
253Death of Origen, aged 69,
255Sabellius, heresiarch,
260Dionysius, Bishop of Rome, animadverts on Dionysiusof Alexandria,
260Paulus of Samosata, heretic,
264Council against Paulus,
264Death of Dionysius of Alexandria,
272Paulus deposed,
276Quarto-decimans of the Proconsulate come to an end,
282Theonas, Bishop of Alexandria,
295Hosius, Bishop of Corduba,
306Meletian Schism in Egypt,
306Donatist Schism in Africa,
312Constantine's vision of the Labarum,
312Lucian, martyred,
313Edict of Milan,
319Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia,
319Arius, heresiarch,
320Alexander excommunicates and writes against Arius,
323Battle of Hadrianople,
324Constantine writes to Athanasius and Arius,
325Ecumenical Council of Nicaea,
325Audius, the Quarto-deciman in Mesopotamia,
326Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria,
330Arius recalled from exile,
331Eustathius, Bishop of Antioch, deposed by the Arians,
333Eusebian Council of Caesarea,
335And of Tyre, ibid. Marcellus, Bishop of Ancyra, deposed,
335Athanasius banished to Treves,
336Death of Arius,
337Death of Constantine, who is succeeded in the East by Constantius,
340Death of Eusebius of Csesarea, who is succeeded by Acacius,
340Assemblage of exiled Bishops at Rome, Council at Rome
341Eusebian Council of the Dedication at Antioch, Semi-Arian Creed of Lucian,
345Semi-Arian Creed of Antioch, called the Macrostich,
347Great Council of Sardica,
347Eusebian Council, and Semi-Arian Creed of Philippopolis
347Council of Milan,
348Athanasius returns from exile,
349Formal recantation of Valens and Ursacius,
350Death of Constans,
350Paulus of Constantinople martyred,
351Battle of Mursa,
351Eusebian Council, with Semi-Arian Creed of Sirmium, against Photinus,
353Eusebian Council of Arles,
355Eusebian Council of Milan,
356Hilary exiled in Phrygia,
356Liberius tempted,
356Syrianus and George in Alexandria,
357Aetius and Eunomius, Anomoeans,
358Eusebian or Acacian Conferences and Creeds of Sirmium; fall of Liberius and Hosius
358Acacian Council of Antioch,
358Semi-Arian Council of Ancyra,
359Acacian Councils of Seleucia and Ariminum,
360Eudoxius at Constantinople,
360Acacian Council at Constantinople,
361Meletius, Bishop of Antioch, p. 361. Death of Constantius,
362Julian restores the exiled Bishops,
362Council of Alexandria,
362Schism of Antioch,
365Semi-Arian Council of Lampsacus,
366Fifty-nine Semi-Arian Bishops accept the Homousion,
369Apollinaris, heresiarch,
370Basil, Exarch of Cassarea,
370Death of Eudoxius,
371Persecution of Catholics,
371Athanasius excommunicates one of the dukes of Lybia
373Death of Athanasius,
378Death of Valens,
379Theodosius, Emperor,
379Gregory Nazianzen at Constantinople,
381Ecumenical Council of Constantinople,
395Sabbatius, Quarto-deciman